TruePebble

Mirambo

2005-04-05T04:14:00.000-07:00

Nyamwezi warlord of central Africa whose ability to unite the many hitherto separate Nyamwezi clans into a powerful kingdom by the 1870s gave him strategic control of Arab trade routes and threatened the preeminence of the Arabs' colony in Unyanyembe (near present Tabora, Tanzania). His capital, Urambo (now in Tanzania), became a major rival trading

Binkis, Kazys

2005-03-31T06:27:00.000-08:00

From 1920 to 1923 Binkis studied literature and philosophy in Berlin, where he became acquainted with the newest trends in western European literature. The poems he wrote during his connection with the “Four Winds” movement,

Dombes

2005-03-29T04:45:00.000-08:00

Historic region of east-southeastern France, once a sovereign municipality and now included in the département of Ain. From 1032, when the Kingdom of Arles, of which Dombes was part, passed to the Holy Roman emperor Conrad II, effective authority in the region was exercised by local lords. After 1378 it was under the nominal authority of the kings of France but was actually ruled

Regent's Park

2005-03-27T16:17:00.000-08:00

Park in the Greater London boroughs of Westminster and Camden. It occupies an area of 487 acres (197 hectares) north and east of the St. Marylebone district. Originally a part of Henry VIII's hunting forest, Regent's Park was developed and landscaped (in the 1810s and '20s) by the city planner and architect John Nash as an area of leisure for the royal family and other aristocrats. It was

Kleve

2005-03-26T01:33:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Cleve , English Cleves , Dutch Kleef city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border and is connected with the Rhine River by a canal. The seat of the counts of Cleves from the 11th century, it was chartered in 1242. The county passed to the counts of La Marck in 1368; it was made a duchy in 1417 and acquired the duchies of Jülich and Berg in 1521. Anne of Cleves (d. 1557), daughter of

Kagera River

2005-03-23T04:30:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Akagera, most remote headstream of the Nile River and largest tributary of Lake Victoria, rising in Burundi near the northern tip of Lake Tanganyika. It is formed at the confluence of its two headstreams—the Nyawarongo (Niavarongo) and the Ruvubu (Ruvuvu)—which in turn are fed by streams rising in the highlands east of Lake Kivu and Lake Tanganyika, between Congo (Kinshasa) and

Baraboo

2005-03-22T09:36:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1840) of Sauk county, south-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on small hills 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Madison. Baraboo originated in the early 19th century as a trading post established by the French trapper Jean Baribault, who lived along the river that was named (somewhat phonetically) for him. Incorporated in 1882, the community developed as a distribution centre for dairy

Furniture, Flanders and Holland

2005-03-19T00:49:00.000-08:00

In Holland the Baroque style did not encroach on late Renaissance furniture until nearly 1640. Dutch

Biblical Literature, The physical aspects of New Testament texts

2005-03-18T08:44:00.000-08:00

To establish the reliability of the text of ancient manuscripts in order to reach the text that the author originally wrote (or, rather, dictated) involves the physical aspects of the texts: collection, collation of differences or variant readings in manuscripts, and comparison in matters of dating, geographical origins, and the amount of editing or revision noted,

Wabash River

2005-03-17T21:38:00.000-08:00

Largest southward-flowing tributary of the Ohio River, rising in Grand Lake, western Ohio. It flows generally westward across Indiana past the cities of Huntington, Wabash, Logansport, and Lafayette, then southward to Terre Haute. Just south of that city it forms a 200-mile (320-kilometre) boundary between Indiana and Illinois and then enters the Ohio in the southwestern corner

Cyprus, The Lusignan kingdom, Genoese rule, and Venetian rule

2005-03-16T10:00:00.000-08:00

Guy, a Frenchman who called himself lord of Cyprus, invited families that had lost their lands in Palestine after the fall of Jerusalem to settle in Cyprus, thereby laying the basis for a feudal monarchy that survived to the end of the Middle Ages. His brother and successor, Amalric, obtained the title of king from the Holy Roman emperor Henry VI. The earliest kings of

Aeneas

2005-03-16T03:50:00.000-08:00

Mythical hero of Troy and Rome, son of the goddess Aphrodite and Anchises. Aeneas was a member of the royal line at Troy and cousin of Hector. He played a prominent part in the war to defend his city against the Greeks, being second only to Hector in ability. Homer implies that Aeneas did not like his subordinate position, and from that suggestion arose a later tradition

Arts, Central Asian, Samanids

2005-03-14T16:11:00.000-08:00

The Samanids centred their kingdom in Khorasan. In the 9th century, under the leadership of Esma'il, they ruled over Transoxania and eastern Persia from their capital of Bukhara. Esma'il's türbe, or mausoleum, the oldest Islamic monument surviving in Bukhara, reproduces the form of the Zoroastrian chanar taq, or fire temple. In Samanid and Seljuqid hands, the türbe generally took the

Interior Design, Lighting

2005-03-13T17:06:00.000-08:00

Light is one of the key elements of interior design. Most interior spaces constructed in the 20th century are used as much with artificial light as with daylight; because of this lighting has become a very significant tool for the interior designer. There are three major aspects to lighting: function, aesthetics, and health. The latter factor is often ignored, but insufficient

Jhansi

2005-03-13T09:25:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, at a major road and rail junction. The main city, which is enclosed by a wall, arose around a fort built in 1613 by the ruler of Orchha. The area fell to the Marathas in 1732 and was acquired by the British in 1853. A massacre of British officers and civilians occurred at Jhansi during the 1857 Indian Mutiny. In 1886 Jhansi came under British rule in

Great Eastern

2005-03-12T16:49:00.000-08:00

Steamship considered to be the prototype of the modern ocean liner. Designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and John Scott Russell for the Eastern Navigation Company to carry cargo and passengers between England and India, it was the largest ship in the world at the time of its launching (1858), displacing 32,160 tons and measuring 692 feet (211 metres) overall. It had a projected speed of

Anointment

2005-03-11T10:27:00.000-08:00

Ritual application of oil or fat to the head or body of a person or to an object; an almost universal practice in the history of religions, although both the cultic practice followed and the sacred substance employed vary from one religion to another. It is possible to recognize three distinct, though not separate, meanings ascribed to ritual anointments by the devotees

African Literature, Xhosa

2005-03-09T14:41:00.000-08:00

As in Zulu literature, the themes of the heroic past and of the opposition between beneficent tradition and harsh modernity are much in evidence. The question of how best to come to terms with change is also central in Xhosa literature. Much important early writing, expressing Xhosa aspirations and views on Christianity and tradition, appeared in the Xhosa-language

Hasa, Al-

2005-03-09T14:34:00.000-08:00

Arabic Al-Ahsa' oasis and region in eastern Saudi Arabia. Al-Hasa oasis, the largest oasis in Saudi Arabia, lies about 40 miles (65 km) west of the Persian Gulf. It has about 30,000 acres (12,000 hectares) of palm groves and other crops that are irrigated by the flow of 60 or more artesian springs. Many varieties of dates are grown on the more than 3 million trees in the oasis. The oasis's population consists of almost

Vulci

2005-03-07T09:19:00.000-08:00

Etruscan Velch important town of the ancient Etruscans, the ruins of which are about 10 miles from the sea between the villages of Canino and Montalto di Castro, in Viterbo province, Italy. The site, excavated in 1956, has extensive cemeteries and a large network of streets and walls. Vulci grew out of a number of Villanovan villages and flourished chiefly in the 6th–4th century BC, largely as a result

Bloch, Ernst

2005-03-05T06:12:00.000-08:00

Having begun his career at the University of Leipzig (1918), Bloch fled from Nazi Germany to Switzerland (1933), then went to the United States, where he wrote the first two volumes

Carte-de-visite

2005-03-05T00:00:00.000-08:00

Originally, a calling card, especially one with a photographic portrait mounted on it. Immensely popular in the mid-19th century, the carte-de-visite was touted by the Parisian portrait photographer André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri, who patented the method in 1854. Disdéri used a four-lensed camera, which made eight 3.5- by 2.5-inch (8.89- by 6.35-cm) negatives on one full-sized plate. The large print

Canada Balsam

2005-03-03T05:17:00.000-08:00

Canada balsam solidifies to a transparent mass and is an important cement, particularly

Ankara, Battle Of

2005-03-02T05:30:00.000-08:00

While challenging the Christian world in the West, Bayezid had annexed the Anatolian Turkmen principalities and posed as heir to the Seljuqs of Anatolia.

Hook, Theodore Edward

2005-03-02T03:42:00.000-08:00

The son of a popular songwriter, Hook, while a schoolboy at Harrow, had written the words for his father's comic operas and, by the age of 16, had become well

Foreign Legion

2005-02-28T06:09:00.000-08:00

French Légion Étrangère, a military corps consisting originally of foreign volunteers in the pay of France but now including large numbers of Frenchmen. Its officers are nearly all from the French army, and a foreign-born legionnaire becomes eligible for French citizenship after serving one enlistment (five years) with good conduct. Upon enlistment the recruit takes an oath to serve not

Dow, Herbert H.

2005-02-27T23:26:00.000-08:00

Dow first became interested in brines (concentrated solutions of salts and water) while attending Case School of Applied Science (now Case Western Reserve University) in Cleveland (B.S.; 1888). His analysis of brines from several sites revealed

Cameroon

2005-02-27T18:47:00.000-08:00

The Bantu settled in the Cameroons from equatorial Africa. The first group that invaded

Gamelyn, The Tale Of

2005-02-25T13:46:00.000-08:00

Anonymous English metrical romance of about 1350, some 900 lines long, written in the East Midland dialect of Middle English, in rhymed couplets. Based on English folklore, it tells of Gamelyn, son of Sir John de Boundys, who is deprived of his inheritance by his brother and becomes an outlaw in the forest. Eventually he is able to regain his estates, and the sheriff who had helped

Nord-trøndelag

2005-02-24T01:13:00.000-08:00

Fylke (county), central Norway. It extends from the Norwegian Sea (west) to the Swedish border (east), with the southern boundary running in a general northwest-southeast direction south of Trondheims Fjord. The fylke has an area of 8,673 square miles (22,463 square km); the county seat is at Steinkjer (q.v.). The major road and rail links between Trondheim and northern Norway pass through

Clodia

2005-02-22T18:54:00.000-08:00

Profligate Roman beauty and sister of the demagogue Publius Clodius. She was married in 63 BC to Quintus Metellus Celer and was suspected of responsibility for his death in 59 BC. She was mistress to the poet Catullus, who wrote of her as Lesbia, and was the most important influence in his life. Another of her lovers was Marcus Caelius Rufus, whom Cicero defended against

Manuel I

2005-02-21T13:41:00.000-08:00

Manuel was fortunate to have reigned at all;

Ryazan

2005-02-20T03:35:00.000-08:00

Medieval Russian principality from the 12th to the early 16th century. Ryazan became an independent princedom early in the 12th century under Yaroslav, the son of the grand prince Svyatoslav of Kiev. Its capital city was Old Ryazan on the Oka River, about 150 miles (240 km) southeast of Moscow. For the next century it was often in conflict with the principality of Vladimir, which was

Boucicault, Dion

2005-02-19T21:37:00.000-08:00

Educated in England, Boucicault began acting in 1837 and in 1840 submitted his first play to Mme Vestris at Covent Garden; it was rejected. His second play, London Assurance (1841), which foreshadowed the modern social drama, was a huge success and was frequently

Hawtrey, Sir Ralph (george)

2005-02-19T06:21:00.000-08:00

Hawtrey was educated at Eton and the University of Cambridge, graduating with first-class honours in mathematics in 1901. He spent his working life as a civil servant and played a key role in the Genoa Conference of 1922, which attempted to devise

'abbas I

2005-02-18T13:40:00.000-08:00

Byname 'Abbas the Great shah of Persia from 1588 to 1629, who strengthened the Safavid dynasty by expelling Ottoman and Uzbek troops from Persian soil and by creating a standing army. He also made Esfahan the capital of Persia and fostered commerce and the arts, so that Persian artistic achievement reached a high point in his reign.

Arts, Central Asian, Uighurs

2005-02-17T18:21:00.000-08:00

The figural arts found new patrons in eastern Turkistan among the Turkic Uighurs, who while living in T'ang dynasty China had been influenced by Manichaean figurative art. The overthrow in China in AD 846 of Buddhism by official Confucianism forced the Buddhist Uighurs to migrate to eastern Turkistan. Gradually, they gained control over the Tien Shan region, Turfan, and

Switzerland, Skies and temperatures

2005-02-16T07:37:00.000-08:00

The stable high-pressure weather conditions prevailing over central Europe and the Alps during the autumn and winter create cold air masses that result in lowland fog, a climatic phenomenon with widely varying consequences. The mouths of the northern Alpine valleys, the basins of the Jura Mountains, and the villages and cities of the low areas of the Mittelland

Pyrethrum

2005-02-15T23:39:00.000-08:00

Any of certain plant species of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to southwestern Asia, whose aromatic flower heads, when powdered, constitute the active ingredient in the insecticide called pyrethrin, or pyrethrum. The plants were formerly considered a separate genus, Pyrethrum. The typical species, the perennial C. coccineum, is the florists' pyrethrum, commonly

Art, African, Lower Congo (Kongo) cultural area

2005-02-14T19:39:00.000-08:00

Seated mother-and-child figures are found throughout the lower Congo region. The human figure is used by the peoples of the lower Congo in the decoration of almost every work—from ceremonial objects and domestic utensils to pieces

Cabriole Leg

2005-02-12T21:44:00.000-08:00

The early

Fredegund

2005-02-12T05:51:00.000-08:00

Originally a servant, Fredegund became Chilperic's mistress after he had murdered his wife and queen, Galswintha (c. 568). Galswintha, however, was also the sister of Brunhild, the wife of Chilperic's half-brother Sigebert I, king of the eastern kingdom of Austrasia. Galswintha's murder engendered

Puebla

2005-02-10T18:47:00.000-08:00

In full Puebla De Zaragoza, city, capital of Puebla state, central Mexico. Founded as Puebla de los Angeles in 1532, the city lies on a broad plain 7,093 ft (2,162 m) above sea level in the Sierra Madre Oriental foothills. Since viceregal days, Puebla, because of its strategic position on the route between Mexico City, 80 mi (130 km) northwest, and the Gulf of Mexico port of Veracruz, 140 mi (225 km) east, has been considered a military key

Catalonia Museum Of Art

2005-02-09T23:22:00.000-08:00

Spanish Museo De Arte De Cataluña , Catalan Museu D'art De Catalunya museum in the Palacio Nacional in Barcelona, housing one of the most important collections of medieval paintings in the world and also a fine and complete collection of Spanish ceramics. The Romanesque Galleries comprise a series of reconstructions of church interiors with mural decorations brought from villages in the Pyrenees, transported to the museum

Crocodile Bird

2005-02-09T05:48:00.000-08:00

(Pluvianus aegyptius; see photograph), shorebird belonging to the family Glareolidae (order Charadriiformes). The crocodile bird is a plover-like courser that derives its name from its frequent association with the Nile crocodile, from whose hide it picks parasites for food. By their cries, the birds also serve to warn crocodiles of approaching

Minamoto Tameyoshi

2005-02-07T22:44:00.000-08:00

The scion of a noted warrior family, Tameyoshi distinguished himself at the age of 19 by suppressing a riot against the court by soldier-priests of a monastery near the capital. Following this event, Tameyoshi

Ear Disease, Hematoma

2005-02-07T20:29:00.000-08:00

Injury to the outer ear can cause bleeding between the cartilage and the skin, producing a smooth, rounded, nontender purplish swelling called hematoma. The accumulation of clotted blood is removed by a surgeon because, if it is left, it will become transformed into scar tissue and cause a permanent, irregular thickening of the outer ear commonly called cauliflower

Baiae

2005-02-05T20:34:00.000-08:00

Italian Baia ancient city of Campania, Italy, located on the west coast of the Gulf of Puteoli (Pozzuoli) and lying 10 miles (16 km) west of Naples and 2 1/2 miles (4 km) from Cumae, of which it was a dependency. According to tradition, Baiae was named after Baios, the helmsman of Ulysses. In 178 BC the city is mentioned as Aquae Cumanae, because of its curative sulfur springs. Baiae's mild climate, thermal springs,

Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl Of, Duc (duke) De Châtelherault

2005-02-05T13:57:00.000-08:00

He negotiated for a marriage between Mary and Prince Edward (afterward Edward VI of England) but suddenly abandoned the project and joined the French party. He then agreed to the marriage of Mary with the

Ramazzini, Bernardino

2005-02-03T21:36:00.000-08:00

A professor of medicine at the University of Modena (1682–1700), and an early student of epidemiology, he described outbreaks of lathyrism (1690; chick-pea poisoning) and malaria (1690–95) in Italy. A strong proponent of the use of cinchona bark in the treatment of malaria,

Resonance

2005-02-02T07:17:00.000-08:00

In particle physics, an extremely short-lived phenomenon associated with subatomic particles called hadrons that decay via the strong nuclear force. This force is so powerful that it allows resonances to exist only for the amount of time it takes light to cross each such “object.” A resonance occurs when the net energy of the colliding subatomic particles is just

Labour Economics, Orthodox economic theories

2005-02-01T05:01:00.000-08:00

The complex character of labour as a commodity is nowhere more evident than in the relationship between pay and productivity. According to conventional economic theory, productivity should be the straightforward determinant of the employer's demand for labour. An employer who wishes to maximize profits will continue to recruit only up to the point at which

Niccolò Dell'arca

2005-01-31T22:05:00.000-08:00

Also called Niccolo Da Bari early Renaissance Italian sculptor famed for his expressionistic use of northern Gothic realism in combination with true compositional principles of Renaissance art. Niccolò takes his name from the tomb (arca in Italian) of St. Dominic in the church of S. Domenico, Bologna, where he made the canopy and most of the freestanding figures (1469–94). His masterpiece is the passionately

Ear, Human, Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium

2005-01-30T18:49:00.000-08:00

Because the three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—are positioned at right angles to one another, they are able to detect movements in three-dimensional space (see Anatomy of the human ear: Inner ear: Semicircular canals). When the head begins to rotate in any direction, the inertia of the endolymph causes it to lag behind, exerting pressure that

Ch'eng Hao And Ch'eng I

2005-01-30T14:10:00.000-08:00

Ch'eng I also spelled (Wade–Giles romanization) Ch'eng Yi, Pinyin Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers who developed Neo-Confucianism into an organized school of philosophy. Although their philosophies are usually considered together, their ideas developed in divergent directions. Ch'eng Hao influenced the Idealist school of Neo-Confucianism, while Ch'eng I influenced the development of the Rationalist school. Ch'eng

Antananarivo

2005-01-28T19:28:00.000-08:00

Formerly Tananarive, town and national capital of Madagascar, central Madagascar island. It was founded in the 17th century and was the capital of the Hova chiefs. It stands on a high hill. Avenues and flights of steps lead up to a rocky ridge (4,694 feet [1,431 m]) on which stands the Royal Estate, with towered palaces built by the Imerina kings who captured the town in 1794 and ruled until the end of the 19th century.

Social Insurance

2005-01-27T04:55:00.000-08:00

The first compulsory social insurance programs on

G.b.e.

2005-01-27T02:54:00.000-08:00

Knight grand cross, or dame grand cross, of the British Empire, member of the highest class of a British order of knighthood. See British Empire, The Most Excellent Order of the.

Hinduism, Vaishnavism

2005-01-26T14:08:00.000-08:00

Vaishnavism is the worship of Vishnu and his various incarnations. During a long and complex development from Vedic times, there arose many Vaishnava groups with differing beliefs and aims. Some of the major Vaishnava groups include the Srivaisnavas and Dvaitins (“philosophical or religious dualists”) of South India, the followers of the teachings of Vallabha in western

Binary Number System

2005-01-25T07:39:00.000-08:00

In mathematics, positional numeral system employing 2 as the base and requiring only two different symbols, 0 and 1. The importance of the binary system to information theory and computer technology derives mainly from the compact and reliable manner in which data can be represented in electromechanical devices with two states—such as “on-off,” “open-closed,” or “go-no

Price, Thomas

2005-01-23T19:12:00.000-08:00

A stonecutter in England, Price emigrated to South Australia in 1883, continued his trade, and served as secretary of the masons and bricklayers union (1891–93). At one time he worked in

Bradley, Bill

2005-01-22T23:38:00.000-08:00

Bradley began to play basketball at the age of nine and became one of the best players in Missouri high school basketball history. At Princeton University, Bradley, a forward, was a playmaker and high scorer, averaging 30.1 points a game during three seasons, in each

Muffat, Georg

2005-01-20T13:20:00.000-08:00

Muffat held positions as organist at Molsheim and Strasbourg cathedrals and in 1678 became organist to the archbishop of Salzburg. In 1681 he went to Italy and in Rome studied with

Carbuncle

2005-01-19T20:43:00.000-08:00

In mineralogy, a deep red, cabochon-cut almandine, which is an iron aluminum garnet. See almandine.

Ear, Human, Structure of the cochlea

2005-01-19T20:42:00.000-08:00

The cochlea contains the sensory organ of hearing. It bears a striking resemblance to the shell of a snail and in fact takes its name from the Greek word for this object. The cochlea is a spiral tube that is coiled two and one-half turns around a hollow central pillar, the modiolus. It forms a cone approximately 9 millimetres (0.35 inch) in diameter at its base and 5 millimetres

Mammal, Respiratory system

2005-01-18T14:20:00.000-08:00

Closely coupled with the circulatory system is the ventilatory (breathing) apparatus, the lungs and associated structures. Ventilation in mammals is unique. The lungs themselves are less efficient than those of birds, for air movement consists of an ebb and flow, rather than a one-way circuit, so a residuum of air remains that cannot be expired. Ventilation in mammals

Furniture, Imagery and ornamentation

2005-01-16T22:10:00.000-08:00

Painted and plastic images, or ornamental decoration, on furniture are secondary processes compared with construction and design. Some of the best and most expressive furniture forms, such as the Greek klismos chair and the English Windsor chair, are quite independent of imagery or ornamentation. On the other hand, no period in the history of furniture is entirely

Allegheny Mountains

2005-01-16T06:15:00.000-08:00

Also called Alleghenies, mountainous eastern part of the Allegheny Plateau in the Appalachian Mountains, U.S. The Allegheny range extends south-southwestward for more than 500 miles (800 km) from north-central Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia. Rising to Mount Davis (3,213 feet [979 m]; highest point in Pennsylvania) and Spruce Knob (4,862 feet [1,482 m]; highest point in West Virginia), the mountains consist of nearly

Religion

2005-01-15T13:54:00.000-08:00

Ecumenical and interfaith relations suffered some serious blows during 1997, although the year was also marked by a historic agreement between four Protestant denominations. Some churches dealt with dissidents in their ranks through excommunication. Church-state

Ringtailed Cat

2005-01-13T02:04:00.000-08:00

Carnivorous mammal, a species of cacomistle (q.v.).

Vulva

2005-01-12T04:10:00.000-08:00

The

Theatre, The

2005-01-11T21:58:00.000-08:00

First public playhouse of London, located in the parish of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. Designed and built by James Burbage (the father of actor Richard Burbage), The Theatre was a roofless, circular building with three galleries surrounding a yard. It opened in 1576, and several companies performed there, including Leicester's Men (1576–78), the Admiral's Men (1590–91), and Chamberlain's Men (1594–96), who

Dix, John Adams

2005-01-11T19:21:00.000-08:00

He entered the U.S. Army at the age of 14 and served in the War of 1812 and the U.S. Civil War (1861–65). Following a period of law practice

Ice Skating

2005-01-09T07:53:00.000-08:00

Rintje Ritsma of The Netherlands coped with hazardous weather conditions to claim the overall title in the men's world championships at the small Italian mountain resort of Baselga di Pinè on February 11-12. Keiji Shirahata of Japan finished second, and Roberto Sighel of Italy was third. Gunda Niemann of Germany captured the women's crown at Savalen, Norway, on March 4-5, ahead

Metal Fatigue

2005-01-09T01:49:00.000-08:00

Though the term dates back to the 19th century and though considerable observation of the phenomenon was made then and in the first

Burgesses, House Of

2005-01-07T06:59:00.000-08:00

Representative assembly in colonial Virginia; the first elective governing body in a British overseas possession. The assembly was one division of the legislature established by Gov. George Yeardley at Jamestown, July 30, 1619; the other included the governor himself and a council, all appointed by the colonial proprietor (the Virginia Company). Because each Virginia

Cooper, Cynthia

2005-01-07T00:39:00.000-08:00

Cooper was raised

Christensen, Willam

2005-01-06T22:31:00.000-08:00

Christensen studied with the great ballet master and reformer Michel Fokine. He performed in vaudeville with his brothers before joining the San Francisco Opera Ballet as

Stefanboltzmann Law

2005-01-04T15:58:00.000-08:00

Statement that the total radiant-heat energy emitted from a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature. Formulated in 1879 by Josef Stefan, an Austrian physicist, as a result of his experimental studies, the same law was derived in 1889 by Ludwig Boltzmann, also an Austrian physicist, from thermodynamical considerations: if E is the radiant heat

Beadwork

2005-01-02T05:42:00.000-08:00

During the Middle Ages, when embroidery was an important art form, beads

Religion, Study Of, Other sociological studies

2005-01-01T18:46:00.000-08:00

An extensive literature on religious sects and similar groups has also developed. To some extent this has been influenced by the German theologian Ernst Troeltsch in his distinction between church and sect (see below Theological studies). Notable among modern investigators of sectarianism is the British scholar Bryan Wilson. Church organizations also have

M.v.o.

2004-12-31T19:39:00.000-08:00

Member, either fourth or fifth class, of the Royal Victorian Order. This rank of the order does not confer knighthood. See Royal Victorian Order.

France, History Of, Foreign relations

2004-12-31T16:21:00.000-08:00

France assumed a more active role in the politics of Christian Europe from the end of the 12th century. Philip Augustus led French contingents on the most fully international of the great Crusades (1190–91), although, having once demonstrated his energy in that work of piety, he could not afterward be persuaded to renew his vow. He preferred, through dynastic schemes and opportunism,

Narrandera

2004-12-29T18:52:00.000-08:00

Town, south central New South Wales, Australia, on the Murrumbidgee River. Settled in 1863 as a livestock station, it was proclaimed a town in 1880 and given an Aboriginal name meaning “place of lizards.” Gazetted a borough in 1885, it was merged with Yanco Shire in 1960. Lying within the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas, it serves, with the nearby towns of Leeton and Griffith, a district producing

Adamawa Plateau

2004-12-29T11:20:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Adamaoua Plateau, volcanic upland in west-central Africa. Though chiefly in north-central Cameroon, part of the plateau, known as the Gotel Mountains, is in southeastern Nigeria. The plateau is the source of the Benue River. Its highest elevations are more than 8,700 feet (2,650 m) above sea level. Many craters and small lakes attest to the region's volcanic origin. Vegetation is chiefly savanna, with

Gisbornian Stage

2004-12-28T22:44:00.000-08:00

Time division of the Ordovician Period in Australia and New Zealand. The Gisbornian Stage precedes the Eastonian Stage and follows the Darriwilian Stage; it is characterized by the presence of a graptolite fauna in which the genera Nemagraptus and Climacograptus are prominent.

Gabrilowitsch, Ossip (salomonovich)

2004-12-26T22:54:00.000-08:00

After study with two of the outstanding pianists of his day—Anton Rubinstein in St. Petersburg and Theodor Leschetizky in Vienna—Gabrilowitsch toured widely in Europe and the United States. In 1909 he married Mark Twain's daughter, the singer Clara Clemens,

Bandar-e 'abbas

2004-12-26T10:10:00.000-08:00

Bandar-e 'Abb

Alliteration

2004-12-25T21:59:00.000-08:00

Alliteration

Annelid, Digestive system

2004-12-23T03:51:00.000-08:00

The polychaete digestive system is generally a straight tube; a mouth leads into an esophagus, which is followed by the intestine and the anus. Some free-moving forms have a proboscis that can be thrust forward by being turned inside out—that is, the proboscis is eversible. In oligochaetes such as the earthworm, the mouth opens into a muscular pharynx, which opens to

Wells Fargo

2004-12-22T14:09:00.000-08:00

American financial services company with banks in many states, especially in the West. The founders of the original company were Henry Wells (1805–78) and William George Fargo (1818–81), who had earlier helped establish the American Express Company. They and other investors established Wells, Fargo & Company in March 1852, to handle the banking and express business prompted by the California

Kaffir

2004-12-20T18:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Kafir, Arabic Kafir (“Infidel”), member of a group of southern African Bantu-speaking peoples (see Xhosa); also, member of a people of the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan (see Nuristani). Use of the term for either group reflects a negative opinion. Especially in South Africa, kaffir (not capitalized) is used in a generally pejorative way to mean any African black.

U.s. News & World Report

2004-12-18T01:20:00.000-08:00

Weekly news magazine published in Washington, D.C., one of the most influential of its kind and the first to successfully imitate the general format pioneered by Time. It was established in 1933 by David Lawrence as U.S. News and won general note for its thorough coverage of major news events in Washington, D.C., and the United States, often carrying the complete text of major

Shun-chih

2004-12-17T18:34:00.000-08:00

The ninth son of Abahai (1592–1643), the great ruler of the Manchu kingdom of Manchuria, he succeeded to the throne in 1643 at the age of six and ruled under the regency of Dorgon (1612–50), a paternal uncle. In 1644, Manchu troops under Dorgon's command captured Peking, the former capital of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the young ruler

Cup Fungus

2004-12-14T14:29:00.000-08:00

Any member of the series Discomycetes, a large group of fungi (kingdom Fungi) in the class Ascomycetes and typically characterized by a disk- or cup-shaped structure (apothecium) bearing spore sacs (asci) on its surface. Some of the cup fungi are important plant pathogens, such as Monilinia (Sclerotinia), causing brown rot in peach and other stone fruits. Others are saprobes,

ålesund

2004-12-13T17:58:00.000-08:00

Fishing port, Møre og Romsdal fylke (county), western Norway. Ålesund lies at the mouth of Stor Fjord and is set on two islands, Nørvøya and Aspøy, which are connected by bridges. It dates from the 9th century when Rollo (Rolf) the Ganger built a castle nearby, but township status was not acquired until 1848. After the town burned in 1904, it was rebuilt with stone instead of wood. Ålesund

Danbury

2004-12-11T22:21:00.000-08:00

City, coextensive with the town (township) of Danbury, Fairfield county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S. It lies along the Still River in the foothills of the Berkshire Hills. Settled in 1685, it was named in 1687 for Danbury, England, and was incorporated as a town in 1702. The municipality within the original town tract became a borough in 1822 and a city in 1889; the town and city were consolidated

Indeterminacy

2004-12-08T08:29:00.000-08:00

In literature, the multiplicity of possible interpretations of given textual elements. The term was given its literary meaning by deconstruction theorists. Indeterminacy is similar to ambiguity as described by the New Critics, but it is applied by its practitioners not only to literature but also to the interpretation of texts.

Baseball

2004-12-07T19:41:00.000-08:00

Game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond (i.e., a square oriented so that its diagonal line is vertical). Teams alternate positions as batters (offense) and fielders (defense), exchanging places when three members of the batting team are “put out.” As batters, players try to hit the ball

Biblical Literature, Judith

2004-12-05T10:49:00.000-08:00

The book of Judith is similar to the biblical Book of Esther in that it also describes how a woman saved her people from impending massacre by her cunning and daring. The name of the heroine occurs already in Gen. 26:34 as a Gentile wife of Esau, but in the book of Judith it evidently has symbolic value. Judith is an exemplary Jewish woman. Her deed is probably invented under the

TruePebble

Mirambo

Binkis, Kazys

Dombes

Regent's Park

Kleve

Kagera River

Baraboo

Furniture, Flanders and Holland

Biblical Literature, The physical aspects of New Testament texts

Wabash River

Cyprus, The Lusignan kingdom, Genoese rule, and Venetian rule

Aeneas

Arts, Central Asian, Samanids

Interior Design, Lighting

Jhansi

Great Eastern

Anointment

African Literature, Xhosa

Hasa, Al-

Vulci

Bloch, Ernst

Carte-de-visite

Canada Balsam

Ankara, Battle Of

Hook, Theodore Edward

Foreign Legion

Dow, Herbert H.

Cameroon

Gamelyn, The Tale Of

Nord-trøndelag

Clodia

Manuel I

Ryazan

Boucicault, Dion

Hawtrey, Sir Ralph (george)

'abbas I

Arts, Central Asian, Uighurs

Switzerland, Skies and temperatures

Pyrethrum

Art, African, Lower Congo (Kongo) cultural area

Cabriole Leg

Fredegund

Puebla

Catalonia Museum Of Art

Crocodile Bird

Minamoto Tameyoshi

Ear Disease, Hematoma

Baiae

Arran, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl Of, Duc (duke) De Châtelherault

Ramazzini, Bernardino

Resonance

Labour Economics, Orthodox economic theories

Niccolò Dell'arca

Ear, Human, Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium

Ch'eng Hao And Ch'eng I

Antananarivo

Social Insurance

G.b.e.

Hinduism, Vaishnavism

Binary Number System

Price, Thomas

Bradley, Bill

Muffat, Georg

Carbuncle

Ear, Human, Structure of the cochlea

Mammal, Respiratory system

Furniture, Imagery and ornamentation

Allegheny Mountains

Religion

Ringtailed Cat

Vulva

Theatre, The

Dix, John Adams

Ice Skating

Metal Fatigue

Burgesses, House Of

Cooper, Cynthia

Christensen, Willam

Stefanboltzmann Law

Stefanboltzmann Law